In recent years, Malaysia has
seen a significant rise in individuals publicly adopting the prestigious title
“Dr” before their names. This honorific is reserved for those who have earned a
doctorate (PhD or equivalent) from accredited and recognised institutions.
Medical professionals – including doctors, dentists and veterinarians – also
rightfully use the title.
For honorary doctorates – awards
given in recognition of distinguished service or contributions to society – the
ethical convention is to present the designation in parentheses, as “(Dr)”.
Source: https://www.wikihow.com
Individuals who obtain so-called
“doctorates” from dubious or unaccredited institutions – often referred to as
diploma mills – are increasingly adopting both the formal “Dr” and honorary
“(Dr)” titles without restraint or scrutiny. These entities often operate
online, charging fees for non-rigorous, unverified, or entirely fictitious
programmes. Degrees from such sources carry no academic credibility, yet
recipients freely use the title in professional, political and social contexts.
This is more than a harmless
vanity project – it is a serious ethical violation. The misuse of the “Dr”
title erodes the integrity of Malaysia’s academic and professional landscapes,
diminishes genuine scholarly achievements, and undermines public trust in
institutions and individuals alike.
The title “Dr” is not a
decorative label. It symbolises years of disciplined research, critical inquiry
and intellectual rigour. Falsely adopting this title constitutes a form of
intellectual fraud and identity misappropriation. It confers unearned credibility,
unjust influence and undeserved respect.
When unqualified individuals
introduce themselves as “Dr”, they engage in a form of deception that distorts
public perception. In critical sectors such as medicine, education,
policymaking and public administration, misrepresented qualifications can have
real-world consequences.
At present, Malaysia lacks a
comprehensive legal framework to criminalise the fraudulent use of academic
titles. The Malaysian Qualifications Agency (MQA) maintains lists of accredited
institutions and recognised programmes, but enforcement is weak. There is
little deterrence for those who purchase fake degrees or self-style themselves
as “Dr” using dubious foreign credentials or honorary doctorates from
unrecognised bodies. By contrast, many democratic nations have implemented
robust laws to regulate academic titles and penalise imposters.
In Germany, the misuse of
academic titles is a criminal offence under Section 132a of the Criminal Code
(Strafgesetzbuch), which forbids the unauthorised use of titles, degrees or
academic designations. Offenders can face fines or imprisonment of up to one
year. Germany also strictly governs the recognition of foreign degrees – only
doctorates from universities listed by state authorities may be used with the
“Dr” title.
In Australia, academic title
misuse falls under consumer and professional misrepresentation laws,
particularly under the Australian Consumer Law (Schedule 2 of the Competition
and Consumer Act 2010). Misleading claims about qualifications can incur civil
penalties of up to A$2.5 million for companies and A$500,000 for individuals.
Some professional bodies may also impose disciplinary actions, including
deregistration or professional bans.
In the United Kingdom, while the
title “Dr” is not legally restricted, the Misrepresentation Act 1967 and the
Fraud Act 2006 apply when individuals use false titles for financial gain,
professional advancement or deception. Offenders found guilty of fraud by
misrepresentation face up to 10 years’ imprisonment, depending on the context
and severity.
Singapore’s Private Education
Act mandates the registration and quality assurance of all private
institutions. Misrepresenting qualifications can lead to criminal prosecution
under Section 36(1), with penalties including fines, revocation of licences or imprisonment
– particularly when the deception influences public or professional trust.
Malaysia must act swiftly to
introduce similar legislation to prevent the misuse of academic and
professional titles. This includes enacting specific laws to criminalise the
unauthorised or fraudulent use of the “Dr” title; establishing a National
Register of Accredited Doctorate Holders, accessible to employers, the media
and the public; penalising institutions – local or foreign – that operate
without accreditation yet issue pseudo-doctorates; and requiring political
candidates and public figures to verify their academic credentials through the
MQA or the Ministry of Higher Education.
Malaysia is not immune to “title
culture” – a socio-political phenomenon in which honorifics and academic
credentials are equated with social status, legitimacy and trust. While
recognising achievement is important, an overemphasis on symbolic titles – especially
unverified ones – risks fostering a culture of superficial recognition rather
than genuine contribution.
This obsession with status has
led to individuals aggressively marketing themselves as “Dr”, securing advisory
positions, board appointments and even political nominations – all based on
questionable qualifications. Such behaviour betrays the principle of
meritocracy and further tarnishes Malaysia’s academic and professional
credibility.
The misuse of the title “Dr” is
not a trivial issue. It is a symptom of ethical decay and institutional
complacency. It undermines merit, devalues education and erodes public trust.
Without urgent legislative and cultural reform, academic achievement risks
becoming a commodity – something that can be bought, not earned.
Personally, I have seen some
clients using the “Dr” title and when I engage on details of their research,
they are at a loss to explain. Apparently, status outweighs ethics!
Reference:
Misuse of “Dr” title in Malaysia: A threat to integrity, trust, and
knowledge-based progress, P. Sundramoorthy, Twentytwo13,
29 July 2025